![]() ![]() Lead migration is the most common complication of SCS. Lead fracture or disconnect occurs in 5.9%–9.1% of devices and is diagnosed through imaging of the lead or checking lead impedances. Hardware failure is primarily associated with the lead and often described by patients reporting a change in device stimulation. In 2014, Deer et al further separated device-related complications into two categories: hardware failure and battery failure. Biologic complications include infection, epidural hemorrhage, seroma, paralysis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, pain over implant site, allergic reaction, and skin breakdown. Device-related complications consist of lead migration, lead breakage, over or under stimulation, intermittent stimulation, hardware malfunction, loose connections, battery failure, and failure to communicate with the generator. Complications, however, are estimated to range from 30%–40%, and can be divided into two categories: device-related failure or biologic factors. SCS is thought to be a safe, minimally invasive procedure for management of a variety of painful conditions. However, as with any treatment modality, associated risks accompany the benefits of SCS.Ĭomplications, however, are estimated to range from 30%–40% and can be divided into two categories: device-related failure or biologic factors. Neuromodulation, specifically spinal cord stimulation (SCS), presents a viable option for nonpharmacologic management of a subset of patients suffering from chronic pain. Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for pain management recommend nonpharmacologic and non-opiate pharmacologic management of chronic pain symptoms. Recent years have seen a trend toward nonpharmacologic treatment of pain, which has occurred secondary to the increasing evidence of the lack of efficacy of opiates and other pain medications. Pain is an important factor in determining a patient’s quality of life. ![]()
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